Standard 4: Genetics
Objective 4.1: Meiosis and
Mitosis
Compare and contrast asexual reproduction (mitosis), which results in a cell with identical
chromosomes as the parent, and sexual reproduction, which produces offspring
that inherit half their genes from each parent (meiosis), resulting in genetic
variation. Describe the different structures that plants and animals have for
carrying out reproduction.
□ I can compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.
□ I can describe how parents genes can give different genetic results.
□ I can outline the steps of mitosis (asexual)
□ I can outline the steps of meiosis (sexual)
□ I can explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis
□ I can give examples of plant and animal structures used for reproduction.
□ Vocabulary
□ Illustration: Meiosis and Mitosis
□ Objective 4.1 Study Guide
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Vocabulary for Objective 4.1
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Compare and contrast asexual reproduction (mitosis), which results in a cell with identical
chromosomes as the parent, and sexual reproduction, which produces offspring
that inherit half their genes from each parent (meiosis), resulting in genetic
variation. Describe the different structures that plants and animals have for
carrying out reproduction.
Vocabulary: CHAPTERS 5.3, 6.2,
11.4, 22.1 (Life Science, Holt)
Define these words in common
language.
1. binary fission
2. mitosis
3. cytokinesis
4. sex cells
5.
homologous chromosomes
6.
meiosis
7. sex chromosomes
8. pollen
9. sepals
10. petals
11. stamen
12. pistil
13. stigma
14. ovary
15. zygote
16. asexual reproduction
17. budding
18. sexual reproduction
19. egg
20. sperm
Add extra credit
vocabulary words!
Compare and contrast asexual reproduction (mitosis), which results in a cell with identical
chromosomes as the parent, and sexual reproduction, which produces offspring
that inherit half their genes from each parent (meiosis), resulting in genetic
variation. Describe the different structures that plants and animals have for
carrying out reproduction.
Study Guide: CHAPTERS 5.3, 6.2,
11.4, 22.1 (Life Science, Holt)
Explain each concept
□ • Genes are located on chromosomes.
□ • Most human cells contain 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs.
□ • Each pair contains one chromosome donated by the mother and one donated by the father.
□ • These pairs are known as homologous chromosomes.
□ • Meiosis produces sex cells, eggs, and sperm.
□ • Sex cells have half the usual number of chromosomes.
□ • Sex chromosomes contain genes that determine an offspring’s sex.
□ • Females have two X chromosomes
□ • Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
□
• Flowers usually have four
parts—sepals, petals, stamens, and one or more pistils.
□
• Stamens produce sperm cells
in pollen.
□
• The ovary in the pistil
contains ovules. Each ovule contains an egg.
□
• Ovules become seeds after
fertilization.
□
• In asexual
reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the
parent.
□
• Budding and
fragmentation are examples of asexual reproduction.
□
• During sexual
reproduction, there is a union of an egg and a sperm.
□
• Each egg and
sperm is the product of meiosis and contains half the usual number of
chromosomes.
□ • The usual number of chromosomes is restored in the zygote.