Standard 4: Genetics Extra Credit

Objective 4.1: Animal Reproduction

Study the Vocabulary and Notes listed for the section below to gain a better understanding of CHAPTER 22, SECTIONS 1, 2 and 3

Vocabulary

In your own words, write a definition for each term to add to your vocabulary.

Notes

Read the following highlights. Then, in your own words, add more facts and explain the concepts

1. asexual reproduction

2. budding

3. fragmentation

4. sexual reproduction

5. egg

6. sperm

7. zygote

8. monotreme

9. marsupial

10. placental mammal

• During asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

• Budding and fragmentation are examples of asexual reproduction.

• During sexual reproduction, there is a union of an egg and a sperm.

• Each egg and sperm is the product of meiosis and contains half the usual number of chromosomes.

• The usual number of chromosomes is restored in the zygote.

• Monotremes are egg-laying mammals.

• Marsupials are mammals that give birth to partially developed young.

• Placentals are mammals that give birth to well-developed young.

1. seminiferous tubules

2. epididymis

3. urethra

4. ovaries

5. fallopian tube

6. uterus

7. menstruation

8. infertile

9. sexually transmitted disease

• The male reproductive system produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system.

• Sperm is produced in seminiferous tubules, stored in the epididymis, leaves the body through the urethra

• The female produces eggs, nourishes the developing embryo, and gives birth.

• An egg leaves one of two ovaries each month and travels to the uterus.

• If the egg is not fertilized, it disintegrates and menstruation occurs.

• Reproductive system disorders include infertility, cancer, and sexually transmitted diseases.

1. embryo

2. implantation

3. placenta

4. umbilical cord

5. fetus

• Fertilization occurs in a fallopian tube and a zygote develops.

• The zygote travels to the uterus and implants itself in the uterus’s wall where the placenta develops.

• The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta. The amnion surrounds and protects the embryo.

• The embryo develops limbs, nostrils, eyelids, and other features.

• By the eighth week, the embryo is developed enough to be called a fetus.

• Human life stages are infant (birth to 2 yrs), child (2 yrs to puberty), adolescent (puberty to 20 yrs), young adult (20 to 40 years), middle-aged adult (40 to 65 years), and older adult (older than 65 years).