Standard 4: Genetics

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Objective 4.2: DNA

Understand that DNA is the genetic material of living organisms, and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. A cell contains genetic instructions that specify its traits (genes).

□ I can explain the role of DNA in determining inherited traits.

□ I can show the relationship between DNA and chromosomes.

□ I can show the relationship between genes and traits.

Evidence of Mastery

□ Vocabulary

□ Phenotype Survey

□ Objective 4.2 Study Guide

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Vocabulary for Objective 4.2 Copy BETWEEN the lines only

Objective 4.2: DNA

Understand that DNA is the genetic material of living organisms, and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. A cell contains genetic instructions that specify its traits (genes).

Vocabulary: CHAPTER 7 all sections (Life Science, Holt)

Define these words in common language.

1. DNA

2. Nucleotide

3. amino acid

4. codon

5. adenine

6. thymine

7. guanine

8. cytosine

9. mutation

10. mutagen

11. pedigree

12. genetic engineering

13. DNA fingerprinting

14. Human Genome Project

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Study Guide for Objective 4.2 Copy BETWEEN the lines only

Objective 4.2: DNA

Understand that DNA is the genetic material of living organisms, and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. A cell contains genetic instructions that specify its traits (genes).

Study Guide: CHAPTER 7 all sections (Life Science, Holt)

Explain each concept

□ DNA is made up of long strings of nucleotides.

□ The DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder.

□ The rungs of the ladder are made of base pairs, adenine and thymine, or cytosine and guanine.

□ DNA can be copied because one strand of the molecule serves as a template for the other side.

□ A gene is a set of instructions for assembling a protein.

□ Proteins are made up of long strings of amino acids.

□ Amino acid strings are put together in the ribosomes.

□ DNA carries genetic information in the order of the nucleotide bases.

□ Each group of three bases in a gene codes for a particular amino acid.

□ Genes can become mutated when the order of the bases is changed.

□ Chromosomes are made of protein and DNA.

□ A genotype is the combination of alleles for a particular trait.

□ A phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype.

□ People have used selective breeding for thousands of years to cross plants for bigger crops.

□ People have been selectively breeding animals with desirable traits for thousands of years.

□ In genetic engineering, scientists change an organism’s DNA to get new characteristics.

□ The goal of the Human Genome Project is to map the location of all human genes.